Dr.Mohammed Saleh Al.Ansari

Lecture Notes : Upgrading of technologies in the energy economy

May 20, 2010

(hit this Key to download the lecture) Increasing energy consumption in the world with a growing population and seek to improve living standards, better, and that the continued increase in demand for energy services caused many problems, including dwindling resources of the country and the worsening of environmental pollution resulting from energy consumption of all kinds. It is well known that kilo watts, seeking one of the principle of electricity enough to light the lamp being able to 100 watts for 10 hours or raise one ton to an altitude of 300 meters. As sufficient consumption of 20 liters of gasoline in the average car for a distance of 180 km. In order to conserve energy can provide a kilowatt-seeking the same possibility of lighting a greater or an amount greater than the mechanical work would be useful to improve the adequacy of the technical means used, based on research by the University of Harvard and Princeton of California at Berkeley and the Institute of Energy WRI has found that it was technically possible to the economy in energy consumption by between 25 and 45% is not intended here rationing in the use of energy, but energy use enough higher. And Japan has achieved high rates of energy-saving adoption of modern techniques and are the main areas of energy-saving:
1 included most of the steps the economy in the consumption of oil today, the technical improvements made to the design of cars powered by gasoline and diesel, such as the use of electronic devices and reduce vehicle weight and improve the shape smooth and others, and thus decreased consumption of the vehicle normal in the past fifteen years about 25% in Germany and about 50% in the United States of America, and introduced many improvements in the aircraft industry and consumption fell jet engines. If we knew that half of global oil production consumed 500 million cars and trucks and that the average annual increase in vehicle fleet of at least 4.8% rate of consumption of cars will be operating in 2030 more than that.Combined-cycle natural gas plants — the most efficient type of fossil-fuel power plants in use today — could be retrofitted with a carbon-capture system to reduce the output of greenhouse gases by 90 percent. But the MIT researchers’ study found that their proposed system could eliminate virtually 100 percent of these emissions, at a comparable cost for the electricity produced, and with even a higher efficiency (in terms of the amount of electricity produced from a given amount of fuel). Jack Brouwer, associate director of the National Fuel Cell Research Center at the University of California, Irvine, says that the high efficiency and the carbon separation capabilities of solid-oxide fuel cell technology “are indeed impressive.”
A combined cycle power plant is a power generating plant comprising a gas turbine system and a steam cycle system. The combination of the cycles creates a power plant driven by waste heat produced steam from the gas turbine system. In the first cycle, fuel is burned and the resulting combustion powers turbines, which produces electricity. The exhaust heat normally lost during this process is directed into a heat-recovery generator ). These units create more steam, which spins an additional turbine-generator and produces more electricity. Finally, the steam is discharged into a condenser, which returns the steam to its liquid state for recycling. In short, Combined Cycle Power Plants attempts to increase efficiency in creating electricity by combining several different power plant cycles that power generators and turbines.

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